Hydrogeological Survey

 

What is Hydrogeological Survey ?

A hydrogeological survey also known as groundwater survey is a study performed to locate water bearing zones beneath earth surface for groundwater extraction purposes through borewell.

A hydrogeological survey is carried out by experienced hydrogeologist using resistivity meter or Magnetic resonance technology based instrument.

It explores the water-bearing rocks and aquifers beneath the surface of the earth

A hydrogeological survey is a comprehensive study conducted to understand the distribution, movement, and quality of groundwater in a particular area. This survey combines principles from hydrogeology, geology, and hydrology to assess water resources and their interactions with the surrounding environment

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What is the importance of hydrogeological survey ?

A Hydrogeological survey carried out at a site can locate potential water bearing zones , Depth of water bearing zones , Expected quantity and distribution of groundwater , type of borewell to be drilled.  

A hydrogeolgoical survey aims at pinpointing location of high yielding borewell and reduces chances of failed borewell .

Benefits of Hydrogeological Survey ?

A hydrogeological survey provides critical insights into groundwater systems, offering numerous benefits across various fields including water resource management, environmental protection.

Optimized Resource Use: Helps in the efficient use of groundwater 

Assessment of Groundwater Availability: Determines the quantity and quality of groundwater resources, helping to ensure sustainable use.

Aquifer Characterization: Provides detailed information about aquifer properties, such as transmissivity, storage capacity, and hydraulic conductivity.

Recharge and Discharge Evaluation: Identifies recharge areas (where groundwater is replenished) and discharge areas (where groundwater flows to the surface), aiding in effective water resource planning.

What is Hydrogeology ?

Hydrogeology is the branch of geology that focuses on the distribution, movement, and quality of groundwater. It integrates principles from geology, hydrology, and environmental science to understand how groundwater interacts with the geological environment.

What is Hydrogeological Survey Report?

A Hydrogeological Survey Report provides a detailed account of the findings from a hydrogeological survey. It typically includes various sections that outline the objectives, methods, results, and conclusions of the survey. Here’s a general outline of what you might find in such a report:

Details provided in hydrogeological survey report -:

Method implemented for survey , Instrument used , Local geology , groundwater availability, quality, and flow patterns.

How groundwater occurs beneath earth surface ?

Aquifers: Geological formations that can store and transmit water. They are classified into two main types:

Unconfined Aquifers: Also known as water-table aquifers, where the upper surface of the groundwater is open to the atmosphere.

Confined Aquifers: Also known as artesian aquifers, where groundwater is trapped between impermeable layers and is under pressure.

Aquicludes and Aquitards: Layers of rock or sediment that restrict the flow of groundwater. An aquiclude is almost impermeable, while an aquitard allows limited flow.

Types of hydrogeological survey ?

Resistivity Survey -: A resistivity survey is a geophysical method used to investigate subsurface properties by measuring how much resistance (or resistivity) a material presents to the flow of electrical current. This technique is widely used in hydrogeology, environmental studies, and engineering to map subsurface features such as aquifers, contamination plumes, and geological structure

Magnetic Field based Instrument Survey - Magnetic field surveys are valuable for understanding the geological context that influences groundwater systems. They are particularly useful for identifying geological structures and variations that can impact groundwater flow and aquifer locations. However, to directly locate and assess groundwater, magnetic surveys are typically used alongside other geophysical techniques like resistivity surveys, seismic surveys, and direct drilling.

Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT): Measures the resistance of subsurface materials to electrical currents to infer groundwater and geological property

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR): Uses radar pulses to image the subsurface and identify geological features and water table depth.

Seismic Refraction and Reflection: Measures the speed of seismic waves through subsurface materials to determine geological layering and groundwater presence.